It has long been taken for granted that technology is one of the factors behind economic growth, thus reducing technology to the application of science to industry. In recent years, however, a new body of literature has reconsidered the teleology of progress and innovation. This issue gathers the contributions presented at the session "Technology as Resource : Material Culture and Processes in the Pre-Modern World" held at the 19th World Economic History Congress in Paris in 2022. A group of scholars working in a variety of discipline - economic and art history, material culture and curatorial practice - reflect on the meaning of techniques and on processes of technical change in a comparative and global context. They ask how a deep engagement with materiality and material culture helps us to rethink technology as a "traditional efficient action" - in the words of Marcel Maus - and thus as a repository of processes and as a resource.