Chris Argyris is James Bryant Conant Professor of Education and Organizational Behavior in the Graduate Schools of Business and Education at Harvard University. He is the author of numerous books, monographs, and scholarly articles. Argyris' books include Strategy, Change and Defensive Routines (1985), Overcoming Organizational Defenses (1990), On Organizational Learning (1992), and Knowledge for Action (1993).
Dr. Argyris has been a consultant to business, educational, and governmental organizations, as well as to many foreign governments. Donald A. Schön is Ford Professor Emeritus and Senior Lecturer in the Departments of Urban Studies and Planning, and Architecture, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has served as consultant and trustee for many public and private organizations. He is the author of numerous books and scholarly papers, including Beyond the Stable State, which grew out of his 1970 Reith lectures for the British Broadcasting Company, and the Reflective Practitioner : How Professionals Think in Action (Basic Books, 1983).