The Editors : Ritva Jakku-Sihvonen, Ph.D., is Director of Quality Assurance and Monitoring at the National Board of Education. She is an expert on educational planning and evaluation. Hannele Niemi, Ph.D., is Professor of Education and Vice-Rector at the University of Helsinki. Her research expertise is in teaching and learning and the development of teacher education. The editors of this book have been responsible for the coordination of the Bologna process in the educational sciences and teacher education in Finland.