Oscar Wilde was a prominent figure in the aestheticism movement, engaging in various literary activities such as publishing poems and lecturing on art. He gained fame with his only novel, "The Picture of Dorian Gray, " which incorporated themes of decadence and beauty. Wilde also wrote successful society comedies and was one of the most renowned playwrights of late-Victorian London. However, his fame was overshadowed by a scandal when he prosecuted the Marquess of Queensberry for libel, leading to his own arrest and trial for gross indecency.
Wilde was convicted and sentenced to two years' hard labor. During his imprisonment, he wrote his last work, "The Ballad of Reading Gaol." Wilde's life was marked by personal tragedies, including the death of his sister and the loss of his reputation. He left a lasting legacy as a writer and is remembered for his wit and literary contributions.