Ernest Hemingway (1899 - 1961) was an American novelist and short-story writer born in Oak Park, Illinois. His economical writing style and adventurous lifestyle strongly influenced American literature and writers in the 20th Century. He is best known for his terse, energetic novels, including "For Whom the Bell Tolls", "The Sun Also Rises", and "The Old Man and the Sea", and won the Nobel prize for Literature in 1954.