في أصل الأنواع عن طريق الانتقاء الطبيعي - أو بقاء الأعراق المفضلة في أثناء الكفاح من أجل الحياة

??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? 1859. ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ??????: « ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? - ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? » (???????????: On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life)?. ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? 1872?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????.